On the lower left is a yupana – an Inca calculating device. Purpose A quipucamayoc in El primer nueva corónica. "The khipu were knotted-string devices that were used for recording both statistical and narrative information, most notably by the Inca but also by other peoples of the central Andes from pre-Incaic times, through the colonial and republican eras, and even – in a considerably transformed and attenuated form – down to the present day."Īrchaeologist Gary Urton, 2003. Quipu is the traditional spelling based on the Spanish orthography, while khipu reflects the recent Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift. The terms quipu and khipu are simply spelling variations on the same word. Quipu is a Quechua word meaning 'knot' or 'to knot'. Most Quechua varieties use the term kipu. Khipu (pronounced, plural: khipukuna) is the word for " knot" in Cusco Quechua. Quipu is the Spanish spelling and the most common spelling in English. Various cultures have used knotted strings unrelated to South American quipu to record information - these include the ancient Chinese, Tibetans, Japanese, and Polynesians. It is unclear how many intact quipu still exist and where, as many have been stored away in mausoleums. In several modern villages, quipu have continued to be important items for the local community. As the region became part of the Spanish Empire, quipu were mostly replaced by European writing and numeral systems, and most quipu were identified as idolatrous and destroyed, but some Spaniards promoted the adaptation of the quipu recording system to the needs of the colonial administration, and some priests advocated the use of quipu for ecclesiastical purposes. Quipu subsequently played a key part in the administration of the Kingdom of Cusco of the 13th to 15th centuries AD, and (later) of the Inca Empire of 1438 to 1533, flourishing across the Andes from c. Objects that can be identified unambiguously as quipu first appear in the archaeological record of the first millennium AD (though debated quipu occur much earlier ). Archaeological evidence has also shown the use of finely carved wood as a supplemental, and perhaps sturdier, base to which the color-coded cords could be attached. The configuration of the quipu has been "compared to string mops". A quipu could have only a few or thousands of cords. The cords stored numeric and other values encoded as knots, often in a base-ten positional system. The Inca people used quipu for collecting data and keeping records, for monitoring tax obligations, for collecting census records, for calendrical information, and for military organization. Ī quipu usually consisted of cotton or camelid fiber strings. Quipu (also spelled khipu) are recording devices fashioned from strings historically used by a number of cultures in the region of Andean South America. Quipu in the Museo Machu Picchu, Casa Concha, Cusco ![]() For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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